• The Best Clinic
    2017
  • The Best Clinic
    2018

    Types of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD): overview

    Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (often called a bone marrow or stem cell transplant). Experts believe that GVHD can occur after allogeneic transplantation. Depending on the source of hematopoietic (hematopoietic) cells, two types of transplantation are distinguished – allogeneic and autologous. In allogeneic transplantation, cells are taken from another person. In autologous transplantation, cells are taken from the patient himself.

    GVHD occurs when the immune cells of a donor (graft) perceive normal cells of the recipient’s (host’s) body as foreign and attack them. The symptoms of the immune response depending on which part of the body is damaged by the donor cells. GVHD occurs in approximately 20–50% of transplant patients. It can occur at any time after the transplant. GVHD can be difficult to treat and can be life-threatening in severe cases.

    Types of diseases

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    Experts distinguish the following types of disease: acute and chronic. Acute GVHD is usually defined as an illness that develops within the first 100 days after transplantation. But it can develop at any time. Signs and symptoms usually include skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and liver involvement. The donor immune cells involved in the reaction are mainly T cells.

    Chronic GVHD is usually defined as an illness that develops more than 100 days after transplantation. But it can develop earlier. It resembles autoimmune diseases and can affect many organs and organ systems. Donor T cells and B cells are responsible for its development.

    Treatment of the disease is aimed at suppressing the overactive donor immune response and retraining the immune system so that it does not attack the normal tissues of the host. Patients are treated differently depending on the severity of their symptoms.

     

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