The Immunoglobulin Panel measures the quantitative levels of the three primary antibody classes in the blood: IgA, IgG, and IgM.
These tests provide an overview of humoral immune function and help identify immune deficiencies, recurrent infections, autoimmune activity, or certain hematologic disorders.
Evaluating all three immunoglobulin classes together offers a more comprehensive assessment than measuring a single antibody type.

What does the panel include?

The panel includes:

• IgA (Immunoglobulin A) – predominantly found in mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
• IgG (Immunoglobulin G) – the most abundant antibody in circulation, responsible for long-term immune protection
• IgM (Immunoglobulin M) – typically produced early during an acute immune response

Combined evaluation supports interpretation of the overall immune profile.

Who is this panel suitable for?

• Individuals with recurrent respiratory infections
• Suspected primary or secondary immunodeficiency
• Evaluation of autoimmune disorders
• Assessment of immune response following infection
• Investigation of monoclonal gammopathy or multiple myeloma

This panel is also used in broader hematologic assessments.

What is the advantage of a panel over a single test?

Measuring a single immunoglobulin class does not fully reflect immune system status.
Comparing IgA, IgG, and IgM levels allows identification of selective deficiencies, abnormal antibody production, or atypical immune patterns.

This approach may help:

• Differentiate primary from secondary immunodeficiency
• Identify chronic inflammatory processes
• Detect abnormal immunoglobulin production

How is the test performed?

• A venous blood sample is collected
• Fasting is generally not required unless additional tests are ordered
• Intense physical exertion should be avoided prior to testing
• Patients should inform their physician about immunosuppressive therapy

How are the results interpreted?

• Reduced levels may indicate impaired humoral immunity.
• Elevated levels can be observed in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain hematologic conditions.

Results are interpreted in the context of clinical findings and complementary investigations.

⚠️ Interpretation of results requires medical consultation.
Laboratory findings should not be interpreted without full clinical evaluation.

Possible complementary investigations

• Serum protein electrophoresis
• IgG subclasses
• Specific antibody testing
• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
• Inflammatory markers

Further medical evaluation

If decreased immunoglobulin levels are identified, additional immunologic assessment may be required.

Significant elevation of a specific immunoglobulin class may warrant hematologic evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

Consultation may be recommended with:

• Primary care physician
• Immunologist
• Hematologist